st-Maximum Flow (Maximum Flow)

Description

Find the maximum flow from $s$ to $t$

Related Problems

Related: Integer Maximum Flow, Unweighted Maximum Flow, Non-integer Maximum Flow, Minimum-Cost Flow, All-Pairs Maximum Flow, Maximum Local Edge Connectivity

Parameters

V: number of vertices

E: number of edges

U: maximum edge capacity

Table of Algorithms

Name	Year	Time	Space	Approximation Factor	Model	Reference
Ford & Fulkerson	1955	$O(E^{2}U)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Dinitz	1970	$O(V^{2}E)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Edmonds & Karp	1972	$O(E^{2}LogU)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Karzanov	1974	$O(V^{3})$	$O(V^{2})$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Galil & Naamad	1980	$O(VELog^{2}V)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Dantzig	1951	$O(V^{2}EU)$	$O(VE)$?	Exact	Deterministic
Dinitz (with dynamic trees)	1973	$O(VELogU)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Cherkassky	1977	$O(V^{2}E^{0.5})$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Sleator & Tarjan	1983	$O(VELogV)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Goldberg & Tarjan	1986	$O(VELog(V^{2}/E))$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Ahuja & Orlin	1987	$O(VE + V^{2}LogU)$	$O(ELogU)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Cheriyan & Hagerup	1989	$O(VE*log(V))$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Randomized	Time
Cheriyan et al.	1990	$O(V^{3} / LogV)$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Alon	1990	$O(VE + V^{({2.66})}LogV)$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
King et al. (KRT)	1992	$O(VE + V^{({2}+eps)})$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Phillips & Westbrook	1993	$O(VE(Log(V;V/E)) + V^{2}(LogV)^{2} )$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
James B Orlin's + KRT (King; Rao; Tarjan)'s algorithm	2013	$O(VE)$	$O(V + E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Ahuja et al.	1987	$O(VELog(V(LogU)$^{0.5} / E))		Exact	Deterministic	Time
MKM Algorithm	1978	$O(V^{3})$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Galil	1978	$O(V^({5}/{3})$E^({2}/{3}))	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time & Space
Shiloach	1981	$O(V^{3}*log(V)$/p)	$O(E)$	Exact	Parallel	Time
Gabow	1985	$O(VE*logU)$	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Lee, Sidford	2014	$O(E*sqrt(V)$*log^{2}(U)*polylog(E, V, log(U))	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Madry	2016	$O(E^({10}/{7})$U^({1}/{7})polylog(V, E, log U))	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Kathuria, Liu, Sidford	2020	$O(E^({1}+o({1})$)/sqrt(eps))	$O(E)$ or $O(V^{2})$ ?	1+eps	Deterministic	Time
Kathuria, Liu, Sidford	2020	$O(E^({4}/{3}+o({1})$)U^({1}/{3}))	$O(E)$ or $O(V^{2})$ ?	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Brand et al	2021	$O((E+V^{1.5})$log(U)polylog(V, E, log U))	$O(E)$	Exact	Randomized	Time
Gao, Liu, Peng	2021	$O(E^({3}/{2}-{1}/{328})$*log(U)*polylog(E))	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time
Chen et al	2022	$O(E^({1}+o({1})$)*log(U))	$O(E)$	Exact	Deterministic	Time

Time Complexity Graph

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Space Complexity Graph

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Time-Space Tradeoff

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Reductions FROM Problem

Problem	Implication	Year	Citation	Reduction
MAX-CNF-SAT	assume: SETH then: for any fixed constants $\epsilon > {0}$, $c_1,c_2 \in ({0},{1})$, on graphs with $n$ nodes $|S|=\tilde{\Theta}(n^{c_1})$, $|T|=\tilde{\Theta(n^{c_2})}$, $m=O(n)$ edges, and capacaties in $\{1,\cdots,n\}$, target cannot be solved in $O((|S|T|m)^{1-\epsilon})$	2018	https://dl-acm-org.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/abs/10.1145/3212510	link
MAX-CNF-SAT	assume: SETH then: for any fixed $\epsilon > {0}$, in graphs with $n$ nodes, $m=O(n)$ edges, and capacities in $\{1,\cdots,n\}$ target cannot be solved in time $O((n^{2}m)^{1-\epsilon})$	2018	https://dl-acm-org.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/abs/10.1145/3212510	link